Idaho

  • It’s amazing to consider that a commercial vessel in the Pacific Ocean, approaching the mouth of the Columbia River, can continue its eastward journey to finally tie up at the Port of Lewiston, in Lewiston, Idaho, America’s most inland West Coast port, 465 miles from the Pacific Ocean.

    The Columbia and Snake Rivers form that critical east-west waterway, an economic powerhouse regionally, nationally and internationally. According to the Pacific Northwest Waterways Association (PNWA), the Columbia-Snake River System (CSRS) is the nation’s single largest wheat export gateway, second largest for soy and corn exports and in the top ranks for wood products, autos, bulk minerals and a growing market for inland river cruises. Eight dams – four on the Snake River – create and maintain waterway performance – importantly, not just for commercial navigation but for energy, flood control and recreation. Petroleum is a top commodity moved upriver.

    Now, this national asset is under critical scrutiny; it could be scrapped. There are a number of concerns but topmost, particularly along the Snake River, is the survival, the sustainability, of northwest salmon and the impact of dams on their storied lifecycle of river to ocean and their return upriver to spawn. There are suggestions now to breach the four Snake River dams. Otherwise, supporters charge, Snake River salmon face extinction.

    Obviously, such a drastic move does not proceed casually. Columbia-Snake River waterways operators are right in the middle of these swirling currents, trying to keep one eye on immediate business demands and one eye on a hazy future. If the dams are breached, the Snake River is no longer commercially navigable.

    National-Federal issues and initiatives
    Briefly, there are three very high-profile Snake River initiatives:

    From the White House: On July 12 Administration officials released two studies, one focusing on salmon recovery, the other on electric power replacement if hydro generation were lost. “Business as usual will not restore the health and abundance of Pacific Northwest salmon. We need a durable, inclusive, and regionally-crafted long-term strategy for the management of the Columbia River Basin,” said Brenda Mallory, who chairs the WH Council on Environmental Quality.

    In June, U.S. Sen. Patty Murray and Washington Gov. Jay Inslee released a draft report to inform upcoming recommendations from their Joint Federal-State Process regarding the Lower Snake dams and salmon recovery.

    In February 2021, Idaho Congressman Mike Simpson unveiled the “Columbia River Basin Initiative,” a $33 billion plan to at least start on compensatory costs if the dams were breached and the costs to build alternatives for lost assets, including power and transportation, i.e., new highways and rails.

    In August, ACE’s Inland Waterways Users Board met in Walla Walla. Northwest issues were on the agenda – deliberately so, commented Chairman W. Spencer Murphy, with Canal Barge Company. Murphy introduced Robert Rich, VP Marine Services, with Shaver Transportation, based in Portland, Ore. Rich is a member of the Users Board.

    Rich provided the balance of comments, presenting regional concerns about the increasing political intensity on dam breaching but without a full presentation of impacts – to waterways operators, farmers and agricultural businesses, regional energy operations and markets, multi-modal shippers and, really, food security for millions, worldwide, who depend on a very dependable system.

    Rich posed a rhetorical question to Board members: If we were starting with a clean slate in 2022 what would be prioritized? His answers: green transportation – waterways. Clean, low-carbon energy – hydro. Irrigation and flood control. Multimodal – barges, trains and trucks each contributing best value across the supply chain. Accessible recreation. All at a scale that expands from singular farms to eventually encompass national and international markets and consumers.

    It’s the dams that make this possible, Rich reminded the Board. “This is working now – in 2022,” he emphasized.

    (Photo: Shaver Transportation)

    Business perspectives
    Heather Stebbings is Executive Director of the Pacific Northwest Waterways Association. The PNWA, established in 1934, with 150 members, is a collaboration of ports, businesses and public agencies.

    Stebbings and her team are closely watching the dam issues. Major concerns include:

    That White House documents are tilted in favor of established interests, including the Nez Perce and State of Oregon, who have long supported dam removal.

    Giving too much weight to the notion that salmon mortality in the ocean results from hydro system impacts. “This is unproven,” Stebbings says, citing research showing that salmon returns are similar in dammed and undammed rivers. She notes research that the Pacific itself is the largest driver of salmonid mortality, not the dams. She said that the four Lower Snake River dams “provide greater than 97% successful fish passage for juvenile salmon making their way to the ocean and have had improved salmon runs over the last three years.”

    Dam breaching poses significant, and negative, energy-environmental impacts. PNWA calculates it would take 162,153 semis or 42,160 rail cars to move the 4.2 million tons of cargo currently barged on the SR. “That means an increase in CO2 and other harmful emissions by over 1,251,000 tons per year – the same as opening a new coal plant every six years,” Stebbings writes.

    Finally, there’s energy: hydropower provides the baseload function necessary to integrate intermittent solar and wind into regional transmission and distribution systems. If lost, there’s no system, no grid.

    Peter Schrappen, CAE, is VP for The American Waterways Operators Pacific Region, based in Seattle. AWO is zeroed-in on these various proposals. In response to the Murray/Inslee report Schrappen wrote the following:

    The loss of the Snake River dams would “devastate regional and national food security, the supply chain, and clean energy generation.”

    Schrappen challenged the report’s claim that dams’ significant benefits could be replaced or mitigated.

    Northwest rail and truck capacity are challenged to meet current demands. “It is unrealistic to believe that these two modes can absorb the additional 4 million tons of cargo moved through the Snake River locks each year.”

    Regional and day-to-day challenges
    In addition to these looming mega-issues, Columbia-Snake River operators face the “regular” array of day-to-day challenges.

    “The labor shortage is an ongoing concern and top priority for our members,” Peter Schrappen commented, citing both recruitment and retention. Demand for river transport is increasing. New people are needed – not just replacements.

    Supply chain issues continue. Schrappen said engine components and maritime paints are hard to get, as are buoys and navigational aids. These west coast challenges could drive traffic to east coast ports.

    Regarding infrastructure, Schrappen highlighted the following:

    Planned dredging for the Columbia and Snake main and side channels and turning basins. “This is welcome news,” Schrappen commented.

    The Columbia River bridge project is key and deck height for vessel clearance is a critical decision. Schrappen is pleased that the CG seeks a height of 178 feet.

    Also positive is $146 million in system maintenance funding from the recent Infrastructure act.

    PNWA’s Heather Stebbings cited regulatory challenges, particularly with timely permitting, as a top issue. She said that despite statutory, 135-day deadlines for inter-agency consultations, Northwest port projects “routinely wait one to three years for permits and some even longer.”

    Stebbings said that recent NOAA programmatic changes with maintenance projects has led to a backlog – over 100 projects – in the Puget Sound region. NOAA expects it will take two years to work through that backlog, Stebbings said, calling it a very problematic delay for ports whose permits have been “on hold for up to four years.”

    Stebbings predicts these Puget Sound tie-ups present national implications because, she explains, the Army Corps has adopted NOAA’s mitigation cost and maintenance policies which the Corps will apply nationwide. Right now, she says it is “unclear how the agencies will develop tools to apply this policy and if they will implement moratoriums in other regions during the development process.”

    In an interview separate from his Board comments, Rob Rich, with Shaver, said high fuel prices are impacting northwest operators. He said fuel prices have nearly tripled since 2020. And the focus on decarbonizing transportation is particularly challenging, Tugs are an investment that can have a 50-year lifespan; running out of fuel is not an option. There are parallel concerns. Rich cited a Portland City Council policy to limit, and eventually shutter, petroleum storage facilities (Council will vote in August, but prior to deadline for this report).

    Importantly, Rich noted that business “is good on our system right now.” The grain crop is big, and so is demand, particularly from Pacific Rim countries while world-wide supply has been constricted by the Ukraine-Russian war. Shippers are moving a lot of wood and wood products, concrete and petroleum.

    (Photo: Tidewater Transportation and Terminals)

    Looking ahead
    Schrappen expects new opportunities from offshore wind. He said AWO members “are investing and preparing to play an important role in this new market.” He added, though, that safe fairways for vessel traffic have to remain a top priority. And, on the west coast, new aquaculture areas are under development, presenting additional territorial constrictions for commercial traffic and operations.

    Alt-energy business possibilities go beyond wind. Tidewater Transportation and Terminals, based in Vancouver, Wash., for example, has its eye on a new low carbon fuel standard adopted in Washington, effective in 2023.

    Jennifer Riddle is Tidewater’s corporate communications and marketing manager. She said this will establish a green corridor from California through British Columbia. “We see this as an opportunity to increase movements of various alternative and renewable fuels as the program gains traction,” Riddle said. She explained further that Tidewater owns and operates a biodiesel blending facility at its Umatilla Terminal in Oregon. Now, the company is contemplating additional investments at terminals in Pasco and Vancouver, Washington, sites which already provide transportation, storage, pipeline, and multi-modal transfer services.

    For Tidewater, though, and all other operators, the mega-decisions hanging over the whole northwest system weigh heavily. Riddle cited the “reliability” of the C-SR locks and dams, a critical aspect allowing Tidewater to work 24/7, 365. “This robust and vital river highway,” Riddle emphasized, “is one of the most efficient networks for moving commodities in the nation.”

    If the four Snake River dams are breached, the world may not end, but it will be a far different world – for everybody.


    Army Corps of Engineers (ACE) District: Walla Walla, Wash.

    Established: 1948. Boundaries generally match the watershed boundary of the Snake River drainage and include approximately 107,000 square miles in six states: Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming and small parts of Nevada and Utah.
    Dams: Dworshak – North Fork Clearwater River, Ahsahka, Idaho
     Mill Creek – part of a flood management project, Walla Walla, Wash.
     McNary – Columbia River, Plymouth, Wash.
     Ice Harbor – Snake River, Franklin and Walla Walla Counties, Wash.
     Lower Monumental – Snake River, Franklin and Walla Walla Counties, Wash.
     Little Goose – Snake River, Columbia and Whitman Counties, Wash.
     Lower Granite – Snake River, Garfield and Whitman Counties, Wash.
     Lucky Peak – Boise River, Boise, Idaho
    Energy: The District is the second largest hydropower producer among ACE districts (Portland District is first), providing a total generating capacity of 4,413 megawatts to the Federal Columbia River Power System. McNary Lock and Dam can produce 980 megawatts from 14-hydropower turbines. One hydropower turbine at McNary produces as much electricity as 211 Walla Walla FPL 660 KW wind turbines.
    Salmon: A juvenile fish transportation program, begun in 1968, uses specially equipped barges and tank trucks to carry migrating salmon and steelhead fingerlings around Snake and Columbia River dams. Construction on fish hatcheries started in 1976.
    Navigation: The Columbia-Snake Rivers system allows commercial maritime transport from Portland, Ore. to Lewiston, Idaho – four-hundred miles inland. US agriculture (particularly wheat) is the critical export at international scale. Petroleum products are the most important upstream cargo.

  • Expanding demand for grain movement from Idaho, eastern Oregon and eastern Washington prompted the a c q u i s i t i o n by Shaver Transportation Company of its 13th vessel, the Cascades (shown above). The big towboat recently began service between Lewiston, Idaho, and Portland, Ore., a c c o r d i

  • are tested.But some of Carderock’s most impressive capabilities reside far away, at facilities from the Alaska to the Bahamas, and from Tennessee to Idaho.Carderock’s Combat Craft division in Little Creek, Va., manages a number of small craft projects to include design, construction, acquisition and sustainmen

  • The Columbia/Snake River System defines shortsea shipping, and promises much, much more.   Lewiston, Idaho, is perhaps best known to tourists as the turnaround for a Columbia River cruise or the jumping-off point for a trip to Hell’s Canyon, North America’s deepest gorge. For anyone transporting cargo

  • a Navy cable repair ship. NASSCO has been engaged in marine construction for 35 years, and is wholly owned by Morrison- Knudsen Company, Inc., Boise, Idaho

  • , trucks, trailers, workboats, and commercial fishing vessels, machine tools and other production machinery t h r o u g h o u t Washington, Montana, Idaho and Alaska. Mr. Kuklinski, a native of St. Paul, Minn., had been a credit specialist for the Seattle office since last March, when he joined GECC

  • manufactures Model PS Pressure Piping Systems, primarily for engine exhausts, boiler stacks, and grease ducts, from plants in Logan and Nampa, Idaho

  • High-strength Micro = Lam laminated veneer lumber scaffold planking is featured in a new brochure released by Trus Joist Corporation of Boise, Idaho. The new eight-page guide illustrates several different applications for the exceptionally durable product and provides specification data on

  • Drilling Inc., of Midvale, Ohio, and Western Oil Well Service Company which provides well servicing and workover in Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming, Idaho and Utah. The brochure includes rig fleet equipment lists for each of the four companies. Marathon Oilfield Service Companies are part of Marathon

  • to convert a San Clemente-class tanker into a 1,000-bed hospital ship, according to the shipyard's parent company, Morrison- Knudsen Co. Inc. of Boise, Idaho. The contract, amounting to $186 million, calls for 12 operating rooms in the converted vessel along with accommodations for about 1,600 medical

  • . NASSCO has been engaged in marine construction for more than 35 years, and is wholly owned by M o r r i s o n - K n u d s en Company, Inc., Boise, Idaho

  • floating container dock, according to Mark Lewis, city manager. The contract was awarded recently to a joint venture of Morrison-Knudsen Co., Boise, Idaho, and Manson Construction and Engineering Co., Seattle, Wash. Full service is anticipated by fall of 1982. The facility will include an offshore 21-acre

  • MT Jan-24#32 ,  Oreille in Bayview, Idaho. Kokanee (LSV 1) is an)
    January 2024 - Marine Technology Reporter page: 32

    threat. vision’s Acoustic Research Detachment (ARD) on Lake Pend Originally 29 were to be built, but only three were completed, Oreille in Bayview, Idaho. Kokanee (LSV 1) is an unmanned, with the third, USS Jimmy Carter (SSN 23) was built with fa- powered one-quarter scale model of the Seawolf (SSN-21)

  • MN Oct-22#17  partnerships with na- egon and Idaho. President: Steve Shaver)
    October 2022 - Marine News page: 17

    . C&B’s motto: “Whatever it takes.” ing the Columbia-Snake River system in Washington, Or- Looking ahead, C&B is pursuing partnerships with na- egon and Idaho. President: Steve Shaver. tional transporters in which C&B would provide service Shaver provides ship assist, escort and rescue services for www

  • MN Sep-22#33  Port of Lewiston, in Lewiston, Idaho,  recommendations from)
    September 2022 - Marine News page: 33

    , can continue its eastward journey to ? nally Gov. Jay Inslee released a draft report to inform upcoming I tie up at the Port of Lewiston, in Lewiston, Idaho, recommendations from their Joint Federal-State Process America’s most inland West Coast port, 465 miles from regarding the Lower Snake dams and

  • MR Oct-20#15  
is unused and located in Idaho Falls, 
ID, intended for)
    October 2020 - Maritime Reporter and Engineering News page: 15

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  • MT Nov-19#41  for terrestrial landscapes. Idaho, before meeting the Columbia)
    November 2019 - Marine Technology Reporter page: 41

    .S. achieve in deeper water or using remote of southwestern Canada, Montana and Geological Survey (USGS) contracted sensing for terrestrial landscapes. Idaho, before meeting the Columbia Quantum Spatial Inc. (QSI) to do a col- Advancements in remote sensing – River 500 miles later. The watershed laborative

  • MN Nov-19#98  City  from the University of Idaho. 
November 2019
98
MN
)
    November 2019 - Marine News page: 98

    R. Kelly, ter’s degree in systems engineering involved in all aspects of ship design, chief administrative of? cer for the City from the University of Idaho. November 2019 98 MN MN Nov19 Layout 98-107.indd 98 MN Nov19 Layout 98-107.indd 98 10/28/2019 2:05:41 PM10/28/2019 2:05:41 P

  • MN Feb-19#52  Miller Thomas  Carpenter 
of Idaho in 2007 with a Bachelors)
    February 2019 - Marine News page: 52

    PEOPLE & COMPANY NEWS TOTE Wakefeld O’Loughlin Dixon Greene Miller Thomas Carpenter of Idaho in 2007 with a Bachelors of Ingram Barge Company names DSC Dredge’s David Miller Science. Thomas is a Certifed Associ- O’Loughlin President & COO Announced Retirement Ingram Barge Company announced In

  • MT May-18#32  acoustic testing at the ARD in Idaho.
shapes and con? gurations)
    May 2018 - Marine Technology Reporter page: 32

    LCC. Eventually, our signatures department can cess to the test object, which can be changed to test difference conduct acoustic testing at the ARD in Idaho. shapes and con? gurations. “We can create different control Using data obtained from testing models in the Carderock surfaces through 3D printing

  • MT May-18#30  Division in  from Tennessee to Idaho.
West Bethesda, Md., is)
    May 2018 - Marine Technology Reporter page: 30

    model track located in the Magnetic Fields Laboratory in West Bethesda, Md. The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division in from Tennessee to Idaho. West Bethesda, Md., is one of the world’s leading centers for Carderock’s Combat Craft division in Little Creek, Va., surface and underwater hydrodynamic

  • MR Jun-16#67   Y Y N  N  Y
9193264  MAERSK IDAHO  Containership  50,698)
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    ,642 80,000 2008 Maersk Line A/S Y Y N N Y 9333008 MAERSK HARTFORD Containership 74,642 60,375 2007 Maersk Line A/S Y Y N N Y 9193264 MAERSK IDAHO Containership 50,698 61,986 2000 Maersk Line A/S Y Y N N Y 9298686 MAERSK IOWA Containership 50,686 61,454 2006 Maersk Line A/S Y Y

  • MR Jun-16#24  improvements with upgrad-
PCU Idaho (SSN 799) – Keel Lay TBD
other)
    June 2016 - Maritime Reporter and Engineering News page: 24

    , Mechanical, and Electrical (HM&E) upgrades as systems, sensors, electromagnetic catapults, and many well as combat systems improvements with upgrad- PCU Idaho (SSN 799) – Keel Lay TBD other new features. ed AEGIS weapons systems. Advanced Capability Delivery Yard – General Dynamics Electric Boat Build (ACB)

  • MN Mar-16#38  the inland Port of Lewiston, Idaho.
waterway based on decades)
    March 2016 - Marine News page: 38

    of goods between the Paci? c Coast Port ny’s newest vessels have been purpose-built for this unique of Astoria Oregon and the inland Port of Lewiston, Idaho. waterway based on decades of intimate knowledge with Today, over 46 million tons of international trade occurs the changing tides of this challenging

  • MR Jun-15#70   Y Y N  N  Y
9193264  MAERSK IDAHO  Containership   50,698)
    June 2015 - Maritime Reporter and Engineering News page: 70

    74,642 80,000 2008 Maersk A/S Y Y N N Y 9333008 MAERSK HARTFORD Containership 74,642 60,375 2007 Maersk A/S Y Y N N Y 9193264 MAERSK IDAHO Containership 50,698 61,986 2000 Maersk A/S Y Y N N Y 9298686 MAERSK IOWA Containership 50,686 61,454 2006 Maersk A/S Y Y N

  • MT Nov-14#46  d’Alene River 
in northern Idaho. Stream?  ow data collected)
    November 2014 - Marine Technology Reporter page: 46

    , ID, USA Details: USGS hydrologist Greg Clark mea- sures stream? ow on Government Gulch Creek, a tributarty to the Coeur d’Alene River in northern Idaho. Stream? ow data collected are included in the Coeur d’Alene Basin En- vironmental Monitoring Program the USGS conducts in cooperation with the

  • MR May-15-77#50  Corp., P.O. Box 60, Boise, Idaho 83707 
SCALERS 
Chicago)
    May 15, 1977 - Maritime Reporter and Engineering News page: 50

    Sperry Marine Systems Div., Charlottesville, Va., 22901, Division of Sperry Rand Corp. SCAFFOLDING EQUIPMENT Trus Joist Corp., P.O. Box 60, Boise, Idaho 83707 SCALERS Chicago Monarch, Box 9751, Cleveland, Ohio 44140 The Dalen Co., Wooster, Ohio 44691 SHAFTS, SHAFT REVOLUTION INDICATOR EQUIP

  • MR May-15-77#41  will be located 
in Emmett, Idaho, near the Snake 
River)
    May 15, 1977 - Maritime Reporter and Engineering News page: 41

    . One of the major plantsite de- cisions of the fourth quarter was the headquarters of Monoflex In- ternational, which will be located in Emmett, Idaho, near the Snake River. The complex will include approximately 10 plants to be constructed over the next 18 months. The plants will be used

  • MR Aug-77#44  Corp., P.O. Box 60, Boise, Idaho 83707 
SCALERS 
Chicago)
    August 1977 - Maritime Reporter and Engineering News page: 44

    Sperry Marine Systems Div., Charlottesville, Va., 22901, Division of Soerrv Rand Corp. SCAFFOLDING EQUIPMENT Trus Joist Corp., P.O. Box 60, Boise, Idaho 83707 SCALERS Chicago Monarch, Box 9751, Cleveland, Ohio 44140 Corrosion Dynamics, Inc., 1100 Walnut Street, Roselle, New Jersey 07203 The

  • MR Aug-15-77#5 , 
Dept. B, Box 60, Boise, Idaho 
83707, Tel. (208) 375-4450)
    August 15, 1977 - Maritime Reporter and Engineering News page: 5

    orders can be handled quickly. For product samples, price quotations or more information contact: Trus loist Corporation, Dept. B, Box 60, Boise, Idaho 83707, Tel. (208) 375-4450. yes, I want more information on your remarkable Micro=Lam scaffold planking. Name Phone ,, Mail to: Trus

  • MR Sep-77#62  Corp., P.O. Box 60, Boise, Idaho 83707 
SCALERS 
Chicago)
    September 1977 - Maritime Reporter and Engineering News page: 62

    Sperry Marine Systems Div., Charlottesville, Va., 22901, Division of Sperry Rand Corp. SCAFFOLDING EQUIPMENT Trus Joist Corp., P.O. Box 60, Boise, Idaho 83707 SCALERS Chicago Monarch, Box 9751, Cleveland, Ohio 44140 Corrosion Dynamics, Inc., 1100 Walnut Street, Roselle, New Jersey 07203 The

  • MR Oct-15-77#60  Corp., P.O. Box 60, Boise, Idaho 83707 
SCALERS 
Chicago)
    October 15, 1977 - Maritime Reporter and Engineering News page: 60

    Sperry Marine Systems Div., Charlottesville, Va., 22901, Division of Sperry Rand Corp, SCAFFOLDING EQUIPMENT Trus Joist Corp., P.O. Box 60, Boise, Idaho 83707 SCALERS Chicago Monarch, Box 9751, Cleveland, Ohio 44140 Corrosion Dynamics, Inc., 1100 Walnut Street, Roselle, New Jersey 07203 SEWAGE—Poll

  • MR Jan-78#3rd Cover  Corp., P.O. Box 60, Boise, Idaho 83707 
SCALERS 
Chicago)
    January 1978 - Maritime Reporter and Engineering News page: 3rd Cover

    Sperry Marine Systems Div., Charlottesville, Va., 22901, Division of Sperry Rand Corp. SCAFFOLDING EQUIPMENT Trus Joist Corp., P.O. Box 60, Boise, Idaho 83707 SCALERS Chicago Monarch, Box 9751, Cleveland, Ohio 44140 Corrosion Dynamics, Inc., 1100 Walnut Street, Roselle, New Jersey 07203 SEARCH

  • MR Jul-15-78#48  Corp., P.O. Box 60, Boise, Idaho 83707 
SEWAGE—Pollution)
    July 15, 1978 - Maritime Reporter and Engineering News page: 48

    Co., 2125 Center Ave., Fort Lee, NJ. 07024 Spider Staging Sales Co., P.O. Box 182, Renton, Washington 98055 Trus Joist Corp., P.O. Box 60, Boise, Idaho 83707 SEWAGE—Pollution Control Argo Marine, Pollution Systems Division, 140 Franklin St., New York, N.Y. 10013 Clear Water, Inc., N. Main Street

  • MR Sep-78#25 , 
Dept. B, Box 60, Boise, Idaho 
83707, Tel. (208) 375-4450)
    September 1978 - Maritime Reporter and Engineering News page: 25

    orders can be handled quickly. For product samples, price quotations or more information contact: Trus Joist Corporation, Dept. B, Box 60, Boise, Idaho 83707, Tel. (208) 375-4450. Yes, I want more information 1 on your remarkable Micro=Lam J scaffold planking. 1 j Name j Company j Address

  • MR Nov-78#11  Washington, Mon-
tana, Idaho and Alaska. 
Mr. Kuklinski)
    November 1978 - Maritime Reporter and Engineering News page: 11

    , trucks, trailers, workboats, and commer- cial fishing vessels, machine tools and other production machinery throughout Washington, Mon- tana, Idaho and Alaska. Mr. Kuklinski, a native of St. Paul, Minn., had been a credit specialist for the Seattle office since last March, when he joined