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offshore and onshore. Landside CCS projects are scaling may be injectable into producing or additional wells. Oth- up to sequestration hub solutions, where a CO2 transport erwise there needs to be an infrastructure for offoading system brings captured CO2 from a range of industries to via pipeline, if possible, or to offshore support vessels or one or more locations, often offshore. The hub concept is liquefed CO2 tankers, for transportation to appropriate also being considered for adjacent offshore platforms. reception facilities at a port or other offshore hub.”

CO2 from various sources contains different levels and Another possibility is to use it for e-fuel production. types of impurities depending on the original source, cap- “Using captured CO2 to synthesize methanol has been a ture technology applied and transport mode, with poten- topic of discussion,” says Rousseau. “Offshore platforms tial interactions. For example, impurities from pre-com- already deal with chemical processes and storage of various bustion sources and post-combustion sources can react and substances, so it is not a huge leap to make this part of a create undesired reactants, says Thomas. A key example is process facility, subject to the same constraints as usual on the oxidation of H2S by NO2 in dense phase CO2 and space, weight, power and so on. It would be a combined the formation of strong acids. “From this point of view, we plant with processing of water for generating hydrogen, feel amine-based technologies, and in particular the Shell which would also be used for other e-fuels like ammonia.”

CANSOLV system, are well positioned as they deliver a As pointed out by the Global CCS Institute in its 2023 very pure CO2.” report The Investment Case for CCS: Policy Drive and

ABS sees the handling and storage of the captured CO2 Case Studies: “The growing global demand for low carbon as a signifcant challenge for offshore producers. Joseph energy carriers like hydrogen, ammonia and methanol as

Rousseau, ABS Director – Offshore Technology, says: alternatives to LNG and coal for power plants and for bun- “There is a challenge on what to do with the captured kering fuel in maritime shipping has the potential to create

CO2 since there are no port visits to offoad, but some a substantial market for these products.”

Clean CO2-free vent gas from a

CANSOLV unit.

Image courtesy of Shell Catalysts & Technologies november/december 2023 OFFSHORE ENGINEER 33