Page 30: of Marine Technology Magazine (May 2011)

30 MTR May 2011

Passive sonar systems may be used in: • Warfare – Anti-submarine warfare, torpedoes, mines, mine countermeasures, submarines, aircraft, underwater communications, ocean surveillance, underwater security, hand-held sonar, intercept sonar • Civil –applications - Fisheries, echo sounding, net location, ship velocity measurement, ROV and UUV, vehicle location • Scientific applications – Biomass estimation, wave measurement, water velocity measurement, bottom type assessment, bottom topography measurement, sub-bot- tom profiling, synthetic aperture sonar, parametric sonar • Sonobuoy (a combination of sonar and buoy) is a rel- atively small (typically 4ôinches, or 124 mm, in diame- ter and 36 inches, or 910 mm, long) expendable sonar sys- tem that is dropped/ejected from aircraft or ships con- ducting anti-submarine warfare or underwater acoustic research.

The success of piezoelectricity in sonar applications has created intense development interest in piezoelectric devices. Over the next few decades, new piezoelectric materials and new applications will be explored and devel- oped.

TABLE 1

Piezoelectric Ceramic/Ceramic Composite Applications in Industries

MILITARY COMMERCIAL MEDICAL

SONAR Ultrasonic cleaners Ultrasonic cataract removal

Hydrophones Ultrasonic welders Ultrasonic bubble detectors

Sonobuoys Ultrasonic degreasers Ultrasonic therapy

Depth sounders Ultrasonic touch sensors Ultrasonic transducers

Targets Ultrasonic probes Insulin pumps

Fuse devices Thickness gauging Fetal heart detectors

SAW devices Flaw detection Flow meters

Sub bottom profiling Seismic sensors Disposable patient monitors

Ringers Integrated sensors Ultrasonic imaging

AUTOMOTIVE Level indicators Vaporizers

Knock sensors Pyroelectric detectors CONSUMER

Wheel balances Ultrasonic drilling Humidifiers

Radio filters Vibrators Gas grill igniters

Seat belt buzzers Geophones Telephones

Tread wear indicators Delay lines Smoke detectors

Air Flow TV and radio resonators Microwave ovens

Airbag sensors Airplane beacon locators Jewelry cleaners

Fuel atomization Ignition systems Phonograph cartridges

Tire pressure indicators Sensors (impact, humidity, pressure and position) Speakers

Spark ignition Relays Cigarette lighters

Audible alarms Ink printing Lighting security

Keyless door entry Alarm systems Musical instruments

Interior light movement Structural health monitoring Ultrasonic sewing

COMPUTER Strain gauges Squiggle motors for camera phones

Micro actuators for hard disk Smart materials for aircraft wing Electronic shock absorbers for skies

Transformers for Notebook Precision mechanics Robots and toys

Semiconductor Equipment HVDC Building Control systems Toys

Micro and Nano Lithography Noise and vibration damping Microphones

Data storage components Non-destructive testing Headphones

Print heads Vibration measurements Beepers in watches and other electronics