Page 43: of Maritime Reporter Magazine (October 1973)

McCLAIN MARINE SERVICE

Hydrographic & Construction Surveyors

Pre-dredging & After-dredging soundings

River, Harbor & Offshore Profiles • Commercial diving

New York Area 2 Hazel Place (201) 787-9152 Hazlet,

New Jersey 07730

Florida & Caribbean (305) 299-2114

JOHN J. McMULLEN

ASSOCIATES, INC.

Naval Architects—Marine Engineers—Consultants

NEW YORK HAMBURG MADRID

GEORGE E. MEESE

NAVAL ARCHITECTS • MARINE ENGINEERS

CONSULTANTS . SURVEYORS

DESIGNS FOR YACHTS AND COMMERCIAL VESSELS

WOOD—ALUMINUM—STEEL—PLASTIC

TELEPHONE

COLONIAL 3-4054 194 ACTION ROAD

ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND

NICKUM & SPAULDING ASSOCIATES, INC.

Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 71 Columbia Street, Seattle, Wash. 98104 (206) 622-4954

DRYDOCKS

POTTER & McARTHUR, INC.

NAVAL ARCHITECTS - CONSULTING ENGINEERS

SSl^metritape® ' for: CARGO • BALLAST • FUEL OIL • LUBE OIL • DRAFT • TRIM • BILGE • TIDE & WAVE Remote Reading • Analog Digital • Indep. of Sp. Gr.

METRITAPE, Inc. W.Concord, Mass.01742 • 617-369-7500

NAVAC, INC. Naval Architect Visual Aid Company

P.O. Box 781, Manor Branch

V . NEW CASTLE, DELAWARE 19720 » A 302/322-1243 •LM 609/234-0898

War — models —

MACHINERY SPACE • ANCHOR HANDLING • TANK TEST

SHELL PLATING • EXPERIMENTAL • DISPLAY

OCEAN-OIL INTERNATIONAL

ENGINEERING CORPORATION 3019 Mercedes Blvd., New Orleans, Louisiana 70114, U.S.A.

NAVAL ARCHITECTS • MARINE BROKERS

Hector V.

Pazos, P.E. 504/367-4072 504/366-9998

AND TRANSFER

SYSTEMS

Estimates at no cost or obligation

PEARLSON ENGINEERING CO., INC.

P.O BOX 8/MIAMI, FLA. 33156/(305) 271-572

TELEX: 051-9340/CABLE: SYNCROLIFT

S. L. PETCHUL, INC.

Naval Architect - Marine Surveyor 8-D South New River Drive East

Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33301 • (305) 525-4991

Design • Survey • Brokerage

R&D • Automation • EDP

Marine Management Systems

POMAR Work boats • Yachts Tugboats • Ferries

SALES Marine Equipment 253 Northern Ave., Boston, Mass. 02210 617-542-0850

DAVID L. WANDER, P.E.

TURBINE SERVICE ENGINEER

FULLY QUALIFIED—ALL MAKES—FOREIGN &

DOMESTIC DYNAMIC BALANCING — WORLD

WIDE SERVICE.

PRIME MOVER CONSULTING SERVICES

Box 580, LAKELAND, FLA. 813-293-1904

SCHMAHL AND SCHMAHL, INC.

Marine Surveyors—Average Adjusters—-

Technical Consultants

HULL—ENGINE—CARGO—P & I 1209 S. E. Third Avenue

Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33316 (305) 522-0689 Miami Line 944-4512 Telex 51-4489

M. ROSENBLATT & SON, INC.

NAVAL ARCHITECTS and MARINE ENGINEERS

New York City 350 Broadway (212) 431-6900

Washington, D.C.

Hyattsville, Md. 6525 Belcrest Road (301) 779-1510

San Francisco 657 Mission Street (415) 397-3596

San Diego 1007 Fifth Avenue (714) 232-7141

GEORGE G. SHARP CO.

MARINE ENGINEERS

NAVAL ARCHITECTS

SYSTEMS ANALYSTS

MARINE SURVEYORS 100 CHURCH STREET NEW YORK, N.Y. 10007 (212) 732-2800

R. A. STEARN INC.

NAVAL ARCHITECTS 8, MARINE ENGINEERS 100 Iowa Street

Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin richard r. taubler

NAVAL ARCHITECTS/MARINE ENGINEERS 50 Court Street

Brooklyn, N.Y. 11201 (212) 522-2115 125 Clyde Street

West Sayvilie, N.Y. 11796 (516) 589-9857

H. M. TIEDEMANN & COMPANY, INC.

NAVAL ARCHITECTS—MARINE ENGINEERS

SURVEYORS—CONSULTANTS—R&D

ONE STATE STREET PLAZA

NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10004 (212) 944-5532

Test MARINE MODELS _ Display

SHIPS EQUIPMENT/GEAR FACILITIES

TRIDENT STUDIO / (215)

Box 670 Spring House Pa 19477 / 643 7544

KEKI R. VESUNA, Marine Consultants 32, Moulmein Rise,

SINGAPORE, 11.

NAVAL ARCHITECTS, MARINE ENGINEERS

SUPERINTENDENTS AND SURVEYORS with 24 years of experience.

Telex: SEISLIM RS21492

WEATHER

Exclusively for the Maritime Industry

WEATHER ROUTING, INC. 1415 Boston Post Road, Larchmont, N.Y. 10583 914/834-2324 Cable Address: WEATHERWAY

WHITMAN, REQUARDT AND

ASSOCIATES • ENGINEERS

Complete Engineering Services

SHIPBUILDING FACILITIES

WATER FRONT STRUCTURES

BALTIMORE MARYLAND

XPLO CORPORATION (WE THINK EXPLOSIVELY)

EXPLOSIVES SERVICES

DREDGING - TRENCHING

METAL CUTTING

OIL FIELD ABANDONMENTS

UNDERWATER SERVICES

MARINE ENGINEERS

SURVEYORS • CONSULTANTS

SALVAGE - WRECK REMOVAL 229 Fifth St. • P. O Box 492 - Gretna, La. 70053 - (504) 362.8994 - TWX-810 951-6366

CRAFTERS OF FINE SCALE SHIP MODELS

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Send $1.00 for catalog ft ® VHCTIil r & fflifflff' *

VHW^ YANKEE SHIPWRIGHTS

Wis.?- P.O. Box 35251 Minneapolis, Minnesota 55435

Phone: (612) 920-0072

Executive Tells Seminar

LNG Cargo Is One Of Safest

Forms Of Energy To Transport "With proper training of personnel, liquefied natural gas (LNG) is one of the safest of all energy forms to transport," said Daniel E.

Withers, president of Houston, Texas-based

Arctic Tanker Group, Inc.

A recent Hazardous Cargo Seminar held at the Maritime Institute of Technology and

Graduate Studies in Baltimore, Md., examined properties of liquefied natural gas and disctis- sed procedures which can be used to insure the safety of personnel and cargo.

Mr. Withers told seminar attendees that

LNG is far safer to handle than gasoline, and presented a film showing that LNG fires can be successfully controlled using conventional fire-fighting methods. The film, which was pre- pared to train personnel who may encounter

LNG in an emergency situation, showed the

Portland, Ore., Fire Department releasing

LNG onto the ground at varying rates and at various distances from a source of ignition, then extinguishing the fires. The film's tests mainly involved the reaction of vapor-air mix- tures to direction by hose streams, although other areas of LNG behavior were noted.

LNG will not ignite until it has heated from its liquid temperature of -260° F vaporized and come into direct contact with a flame, at which time its slow flame propagation rate makes it easy to control. Also, LNG in its liquid state is not explosive. In all of the film's test cases,

LNG fires were controlled and/or extinguished with water or dry chemicals.

Firemen found that by placing water streams midpoint between an L'NG leak and a flame, they can increase the dispersion rate of the gas into the air while directing it away from the flame. One water stream warms the LNG, causing vaporation, while another water stream controls the direction of the gas.

The film's experiments showed that conven- tional dry chemical extinguishers will put out an LNG fire without the need to increase va- porization, and disperse the LNG into the air.-

A 250-1 expansion detergent foam commonly used in fire fighting was found to retard vapor- ization of the liquid which would prevent the gas from reaching an igniter, but the foam would not extinguish an LNG fire.

Direct LNG contact froze and cracked some materials such as a fireman's glove and boot, but had no real effect on a fire hose. Frost-burn is a potential hazard if personnel come into direct contact with LNG.

Firemen experimented with several methods of eliminating a pool of LNG. The most prac- tical method is to spray it with water to in- crease vaporization and dispersion. However, personnel must cautiously control the direction of the LNG, as the film showed that an igniter above the LNG level will ignite rising L'NG at a further distance than an igniter at grade.

Other experiments showed that discharging

LNG on top of or into a pool of water were unfeasible ways to eliminate the liquid. LNG discharged onto water resulted in a gradual formation of ice and an unstable white solid.

When pumped into a pool of water, LNG un- derwent initial rapid vaporization, followed by violent eruptions as ice formed, then broke from vapor pressure.

The Portland Fire Department's tests showed that in directing the gas, the hose size is a variable: a small hose has marginal value, while a large hose provides effective control.

Persons working with LNG who understand its potential behavior under hazardous condi- tions such as fire should find it relatively easy to control. Its slow propagation rate, low ex- plosive potential and its ability to be contained by conventional means, remove some of the dangers ordinarily associated with chemical and energy transportation.

October 1, 1973 45