Page 84: of Maritime Reporter Magazine (June 1985)

DDG-51 CLASS (continued) created a tidal wave of anxiety among destroyermen everywhere.

Until then, every effective threat against a surface combatant could be met by an equally effective coun- ter-threat. Incoming enemy aircraft could be dispatched by one's own carrier-based aircraft. Other surface ships could be outrun, outmaneu- vered, outgunned, and/or just sim- ply outnumbered. Mines could be swept and neutralized. Submarines, even the USSR's superb new nu- clear attack boats, could be located, identified, tracked, targeted, and eventually sunk.

But there was nothing in the inventory, or even in the long

RDT&E (research, test, and evalua- tion) pipeline to counter the anti- ship missile—several improved ver- sions of which, naval intelligence had reported, would soon be de- ployed. Among the newer versions which already had been tested were sea-skimmers invincible to U.S. shipboard radars designed for the detection of high-flying manned air- craft, and surface- and sub- launched shipbusters that could be launched from hundreds of miles away. Many would be supersonic, considerably faster than the 0.9

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Mach SS-N-2 Styx missile that had sunk the Eilat.

Perhaps the most important new element in the equation, though, was the relatively low cost of the new missile vs. the much higher cost of the ship targeted. In theory, Na- vymen knew, any missile launched could be detected, could be tracked and targeted, and therefore could be shot down. But there was no way to stop the veritable swarm of missiles that could be simultaneously launched to simply overwhelm the then still primitive defensive sys- tems of a single ship or an entire fleet.

It is almost axiomatic, though, that for every theoretical problem there is a theoretical solution. The theoretical solution the Navy sought as the answer to the not theoretical but very real problem of anti-ship missiles was to develop a new type of defensive system that could not only detect—at long range, in large numbers, and in all types of weath- er—incoming enemy missiles and aircraft, but also track all of them continuously, and, at the same time, almost automatically coordinate and direct one's own defensive com- plex of guns, missiles, and aircraft to meet and destroy the intruders. (The "almost" is mandatory, be- cause mistakes in modern warfare could have such cataclysmic conse- quences that there must always be a human in the loop—in this case, the

Navy's battle-force commander.)

That relatively easy-to-define so- lution was exceedingly difficult to implement, but two decades of trials and tribulations (dating, in fact, from before the Eilat sinking) led to the eventual deployment and early combat-testing of the felicitously named Aegis system. In Greek my- thology, Aegis was the name of the shield belonging to Zeus. In today's

U.S. Navy, Aegis is the umbrella term used to describe a complex of systems and subsystems collectively heralded as "the shield of the fleet."

If any naval warfare system de- serves the description "miracle of modern technology," Aegis is it.

Praised by Navy Secretary John

Lehman as "the key to the survival of the battle group," the overall

Aegis-equipped ship—integrates, coordinates, and directs a complex of some 25 separate elements, in- cluding but not limited to: the AN/

SPY-1A radar system; air and sur- face search radars; numerous other sensor systems and ancillary display systems for battle-command pur- poses; navigation, radio, and other communications and support sys- tems; and a broad spectrum of guns, missiles, torpedoes, and other weap- on systems.

The heart of the system is the

AN/SPY-1A radar, a unique fixed- antenna system which can automat- ically detect and track literally hundreds of targets while at the same time conducting a continuous scan of what Navy officials proudly, but guardedly, describe as "a vast volume of air and ocean surface space around the fleet."

It is not necessary to go into the detailed electronic specifications to 82 Maritime Reporter/Engineering News