Page 76: of Maritime Reporter Magazine (October 1997)

concerning the pressure loading on the ship's side. On the basis of the evaluation of the long term histo- ries, most realistic design loads will be derived.

A double hull design is a possible future solution for the problems with the side shell of bulkers. This alternative is being analyzed in detail by GL, within a joint indus- try research project together with shipyards and the German steel producing industry. The study includes economic evaluations of the life cycle advantages of such a design in relation to somewhat higher construction costs expected.

The dry cargo ship of the past is being replaced by pure container- ships, as well asmulti-purpose ships on the other. Many of the handy-size bulkers today — the most popular vessel for the tradi- tional tramp trade — are being designed with box-shaped holds and large deck openings.

The inner bottom is strengthened for grab loads, and cell guides may be fitted if the ship operates as a container carrier.

For these ships, the interrelation with pure containerships is obvi- ous. For the larger bulk carriers, the application of containership know-how is not as evident, but is clearly beneficial to vessel improvement.

Dr. Hans Payer is a member of the

Executive Board of Germanischer

Lloyd

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