Page 52: of Maritime Reporter Magazine (April 1998)
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INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY mmH
Production Spars — Spars are particularly suited to deepwater, mid-size fields with access to pipeline infrastructure. Like
TLPs, dry trees can be used on a spar — which is a major feature for fields with high paraffin con- tent. However, spars lack the variable deckload capability of a full size TLP. Spars can incorpo- rate storage, though to date this has not been incorporated into any of the three systems delivered or on order. Capex is in the same range as a mini-TLP, which is the closest market substitute.
There are 88 floating produc- tion systems in operation world- wide. About 60 percent are FPSO vessels, 30 percent production semisubmersibles and the remaining 10 percent tension leg platforms or spars. Another 35 systems are on order, represent- ing capital expenditures of about $12 billion. Most importantly, almost 150 projects are under study that potentially involve use of a floating production solution.
A report published in March analyzes developments taking place in the floating production sector, lists projects under study involving floating production and forecasts types of equipment to be ordered over the next three to five years. The report is the first in a series of four quarterly business reports on construction and con- version activity involving floating production systems.
The 1998/99 quarterly series is available for $1,400. To order, please contact International
Maritime Associates (700 New
Hampshire Ave., NW, Suite 118,
Washington, D.C. 20037 USA, tel: (202) 333-8501; fax: (202) 333- 8504.
TECHNOLOGY
Designing A Revolutionary
Pipeline Pig
A pig developed by Statoil for inspection and maintenance of pipelines with varying dimen- sions is designed to provide far greater flexibility in construction and operation of such facilities.
The first of these units will be designed and built for Asgard
Transport by Germany's
Pipetronix. This order has been placed by Statoil as operator for the new pipeline, which will carry gas from Asgard off mid-
Norway to the group's Karst0 treatment plant north of
Stavanger. Due to be built at the
German company's Canadian subsidiary in Toronto for delivery in 2000, the pig comprises a flex- ible multi-diameter device about 10 m long and weighing almost five tons. One special feature will be the ability to start inspec- tion in the 28-in. section of the line and then expand to the max- imum 42-in. diameter of Asgard
Transport. This approach has reportedly not been used before in a major pipeline project. Tests with the pig at Karst0's K-Lab facility prompted the Asgard licensees to back plans for a sim- plified 28-in. subsea export riser to tie the pipeline to the Asgard
B gas platform, rather than a big seabed unit and a 40-in. line. The chosen solution will provide greater flexibility in both devel- opment and operation.
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