Page 68: of Maritime Reporter Magazine (June 2003)

NOx Emissions from Merchant Ships

By Horst W. Koehler,

MAN B&W Diesel, Germany

Pollutant emissions produced by the global merchant fleet has always been suggested to represent a consid- erable contribution to anthropogenic emissions, with nitrogen and sulfur compounds being currently in the focus of public's interest. Emissions such as nitrogen oxides, NOx (the sum of NO and N02) lead to enhanced tropospheric ozone formation over their nat- ural background level and thus affect the greenhouse warming. A considerable portion of ship emissions is released far off the continents — in clean areas of the atmosphere. This particularly effects the southern hemisphere with its natural low emission level.

So far. all earlier known studies result in an annual

NOx emission release by the merchant fleet in the order of 10 million tons of NOx based on a total glob- al marine fuel consumption of about 140 - 150 million tons per year. However, when these figures are cross- checked against the necessary international bunker demand as estimated by the installed main engine power onboard of approximately 90,000 ships of 100 gt and over as well as by adopting realistic average engine loads and engine running hours in one year across the existing fleet, it seems bunker consumption is much higher, resulting in a corresponding increase in

NOx and all other pollutant emissions such as SOx, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particulate matter including soot. Quite obviously, the effects on atmos- phere and climate are much stronger than suggested in the past.

This is reason enough to calculate ships' annual bunker fuel consumptions and NOx (and other) exhaust gas emissions more accurately. This was per- formed by MAN B&W for the year of 2001, taking into account approximately 90,000 ocean-going ships with an accumulated total installed main engine output of 286,000 MW. Emission produced by the auxiliary

Specific Fuel Consumption Rates and NOx Emissions

From Cargo Transporting Ships and Aircraft

Fuel Fuel. Consum NOx Transportation NOx by fuel NOx by ton-km

Type Mt/Yr. Mt/Yr. Billion ton-km kg/ton g/ton-km

Ships* HF0, MD0, MGO 217.5 18.65 42,485 68.7 0.44

Aircraft Kerosene 200 ** 3.0 ** 350 15.0 8.57 * Only cargo carrying ships above 100 gt * * Includes military aircraft

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