Page 76: of Maritime Reporter Magazine (November 2012)

(Prominp).There are currently 21 ANP accredited certification firms, and by 2011 over 7,500 certificates had been issued to more than 400 local providers, evidenc- ing more than $2 billion worth of invest- ments in Brazil.This investment is a direct spin-off from the government?s local content pol- icy and it helps local industry to become more competitive and fosters all levels of workforce training including specialized geologists and engineers, a variety of technicians, and all sectors basic work- force, which is a significant gain for a country such as Brazil which deals withhigh levels of poverty. The building of shipyards in very poor areas such as the EAS shipyard in Ipoyuca, Ceara, has also brought tangible social and economic gains to these loca- tions, therefore the importance of thelocal content policy must be emphasized even considering the drawbacks and bot- tleneck the policy may cause in the in- dustry. The main problem is the lack of a workforce pool from which to draw. Local Content in the Shipbuilding IndustryIn the late 1970?s the Brazilian ship- building industry was the second largest in the world. It directly employed 40,000 workers with an additional 100,000 indi- rect jobs supporting the industry. The debt crisis in the 1980s led to limitationson capital availability leading buyers to redirect orders to upstart firms in Japan, Singapore, South Korea and later China, who were able to offer lower costs and better schedule reliability. By the late 1990s the industry had all but disap- peared; shipyards closed, unfinished proj- ects were abandoned on the ways; and only about 2,000 jobs remained. Circumstances changed in the lateBrazilWorkforce by segment Engineers 10%1,500 Technicians10%1,500 Specialized Workers70%10,500 Administrative 5%750 Others 5%750 *Source: Sinaval - January 2012 Shipyard Distribution and Workforce by State StateJobs% Rio de Janeiro25,02042.29 Amazonas11,98720.26 Pernambuco9,79816.56 Rio Grande do Sul5,5009.30 Santa Catarina 2,1253.59 Bahia2,1253.59 Others 2,6124.41 Total 59,167100.00 *Source: Sinaval - January 2012 Shipyard Workforce: Last 50 Years Years Workers 19601,400197018,000197939,00020001,900200619,000201159,000*Source: Sinaval - January 2012 Content by Vessel Type Type LocalImported Tanker70.8%29.2% PSV61%39% FPSO64.2%35.8% *Source: Sinaval - January 2012 76Maritime Reporter & Engineering News Local worker onLula pre-salt FPSO. (Photo: Petrobras) MR#11 (74-81):MR Template 11/6/2012 8:14 AM Page 76