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SATCOM & CYBER SECURITY radio frequency (RF) jamming detectors. tional maritime chokepoint. The economic

However, at this point in time it is unclear consequences of such an attack could run when such equipment would be available to into the billions of dollars.

and employed by the commercial industry, In the long-term we also anticipate that or how much it will cost. more powerful jamming technology and de-

Figure 6: Location of North Korean Jammers. livery systems (such as broadband jammers (Seo & Kim, 2013) • Installation of Powerful Alternate and drones) will become widely available

Ground Based PNT Systems. Coastal and constitute two of the greatest threats to nations most at risk should consider the GNSS. The maritime community needs to installation of alternate (back-up) or com- become more vigilant, actively train to rec- plementary, land-based PNT systems, such ognize and respond to cyber attacks includ- as enhanced LORAN (known as eLoran). ing jamming and spoo? ng, and encourage

Rather than purely “back-up”, it is “com- the immediate installation of complementa- plimentary” in that the low frequency of ry PNT systems such as eLoran for strategic the powerful eLoran signals permits PNT maritime locations. reception in GNSS denied environments.

However, the main bene? t of such systems

The Authors is to provide PNT users with a second and more resilient PNT signal – one that is

CAPT David Moskoff: too powerful to be effectively jammed or

Captain David B. Moskoff is a professor in spoofed. the Marine Transportation Department at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy. He is

Recommendations an expert on maritime cyber security.

Worldwide dependence on Global Navi- gation Satellite Systems (GNSS) continues

Mr. William Kaag: to grow. Ongoing advancements in jam-

Mr. Kaag is a retired Naval Aviation Supply ming technology and the availability of

Of? cer and a past research fellow at the small, portable jammers constitute a signi? -

Maureen and Mike Mans? eld Foundation. cant threat to maritime commerce and safe-

He specializes in maritime logistics and in- ty. In the face of a GNSS jamming attack, ternational emergency preparedness. most commercial ports could be forced to suspend operations until the source of the

The views expressed do not necessarily rep- interference is located and suppressed. It is resent those of either of their agencies or very possible that a group of individuals op-

Location and coverage of proposed Phase 1 South Korean eLoran trans- the United States.

erating small, portable jammers could force mitter (Inside GNSS News January 2015) the closure of a major seaport or interna-

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E: [email protected] • W: www.bevi.dk 30 Maritime Reporter & Engineering News • MAY 2015

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