Page 24: of Maritime Reporter Magazine (October 2026)

NEW MARKETS

In the Northern Endurance Partnership project, CO

Offshore Storage Models Are Diversifying 2

Storage geology shapes the business model. Depleted oil from Teesside and the Humber industrial cluster will move and gas reservoirs bene? t from existing subsurface data on through two offshore pipelines to the Endurance saline pressure, porosity, and permeability and may allow wells aquifer, where all installed infrastructure will be subsea, in- or pipelines to be reused. Saline formations offer larger cluding manifolds, ? owlines, and six injection wells.

Porthos has advanced construction of its onshore and off- potential resources but usually require more appraisal and new infrastructure. The former can lower development shore transport system and well-conversion program, but in uncertainty and capital needs; the latter can support larger April 2026 pushed start-up to no earlier than the second half of 2027. This demonstrates that while reuse reduces dedicated storage hubs.

Northern Lights achieved ? rst injection in August 2025, green? eld requirements, it does not remove integration risk.

Kasawari in Malaysia provides yet another model – CCS receiving lique? ed CO at Øygarden by ship and sending it 2 through a 100-kilometer pipeline into the Aurora reservoir integrated directly with offshore gas production. PETRO- around 2,600 meters below the seabed in the Norwegian NAS plans to capture CO from the high-CO Kasawari 2 2

North Sea. The project demonstrates a commercial model in gas ? eld offshore Sarawak and reinject around 76 Mt over which ships deliver CO2 from multiple industrial customers the project life.

to a common coastal terminal and offshore storage system.

A New Offshore Commodity

Greensand Future takes a different route – CO is aggre- 2 gated at the Port of Esbjerg and shipped to the Nini ? eld in The legal framework is also becoming more workable. the Danish North Sea. The vessel acts as a virtual pipeline The London Protocol, the 1996 IMO treaty governing for emitters outside a ? xed network. Pipelines concentrate disposal of wastes and other materials at sea, adopted a spending upfront in ? xed assets, while shipping carries 2009 amendment permitting cross-border export of CO- more operating costs through liquefaction, fuel, storage, for sub-seabed storage; in 2019, parties approved pro- 2 and cargo handling. That makes ships more ? exible as visional application before formal entry into force. That volumes and destinations are evolving, while pipelines are matters because the best storage sites may lie in a different better suited to large, predictable ? ows. country from the emissions source.

Eni’s Liverpool Bay system repurposes parts of existing Transporting CO also requires a different physical chain 2 offshore infrastructure and depleted gas reservoirs around from conventional bulk shipping. Pipeline systems typical- 30 kilometers offshore. For mature basins, CCS can there- ly compress CO into a dense phase, while marine trans- 2 fore extend the economic role of reservoirs, wells, and port requires liquefaction and refrigerated storage before pipelines after hydrocarbon production declines. loading. That means the maritime opportunity extends

Table 1. Selected of shore CO2 storage developments

Sources: Northern Lights; Porthos; Greensand Future / INEOS; bp / Northern Endurance Partnership; Eni; PETRONAS; IEA.

24 Maritime Reporter & Engineering News • October 2026

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