Page 38: of Maritime Reporter Magazine (May 1994)

Tanker Technology (Continued, from page 38) the introduction of an individual conversant in both the English lan- guage and tanker operations.

Among the various communication/ coordination requirements prior to a vessel-to-vessel transfer are the following: • Four-hour notification to the U.S.

Coast Guard (USCG) Marine Safety

Office and Vessel Traffic Service, • Notice to the above agencies upon commencement of transfer, • Arrangement for oil spill response vessels to be in attendance within the anchorage, and • Notification to oil spill response vessel upon commencement of trans- fer.

While the outside parties as noted above require information with re- spect to the transfer, the key com- munication requirement is between the persons in charge of the respec- tive vessels involved in the transfer.

Lightering masters are knowl- edgeable in all aspects of the cargo transfer operation, including safety concerns, pollution prevention methods and emergency response requirements. Therefore, the re- quired USCG Pre-Transfer Confer- ence between the persons in charge of the vessels is supervised by the lightering master and all questions

PATHFINDER/ST ARPA: 34-cm or 25-cm

PPIs (16" or 12" diagonal CRT IMO equivalents) provide automatic tracking of up to 40 targets with vectors and readouts for the most dangerous 20. Have auto and manual acquisition, and unique trial maneuvers.

PATHFINDER/ST TM/EP: 34-cm or 25-cm

PPIs (16" or 12" diagonal CRT IMO equivalents) have True and Relative

Motion displays. Electronic Plotting, course, speed, bearing, range, CPA, and

TCPA for two selected targets.

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Radar. Superior Technology with

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ENP adds significant navigational and operational features that keep the

PATHFINDER/ST raster display at the forefront of industry design. All Raytheon

PATHFINDER/ST systems now offer ENP as standard supply, and systems already in use can be easily upgraded.

The PATHFINDER/ST raster display with ENP includes a navigation sensor interface, stored Navline maps (ARPA only), new "pop-up" menu operation, and configurable serial data output ports.

Navigation sensor input can accept NMEA sentence structure from conventional sen- sors such as differential GPS, GPS, or

LORAN-C. A second input port is available that will accept information from a Syledis precision positioning system. The naviga- tion sensor is used to position and stabilize

Navline maps on the PATHFINDER/ST

ARPA display.

Operation of the PATHFINDER/ST ENP is simplified by the "pop-up" menus. Three main menus are: MAPS, OPERATE, and

ARPA. The MAPS page is used to save, retrieve, edit, and control Navline maps.

The OPERATE page contains operational functions such as: Vector Selection; Trial

Maneuver, and Course Up. The ARPA page allows selection of features such as

Collision Assessment Mode, Auto Drift, and Auto Acquisition.

Comparison Tests

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In side-by-side comparison tests, a

PATHFINDER/ST display and a conven- tional radar display were connected to the same radar system. PATHFINDER/ST consistently displayed targets not detect- ed by the conventional display.

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Using increased signal-to-noise levels, high dynamic range, precisely matched pulse bandwidths, and exclusive Rain

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PATHFINDER/ST multistage processing analyzes, compares, tests, and samples the received signal so that all detected targets, no matter how weak in signal strength, are distinguished from clutter and clearly displayed.

From the control panels through the computer, transmitter, and receiver- and then in five steps leading to the

CRT-Raytheon's exclusive Superior

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PATHFINDER /ST

SIGNAL PROCESSING liSiil n Processor I

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PATHFINDER/ST Radars satisfy a very wide range of installation and operating requirements. Signal multiplexing reduces connections between PATHFINDER/ST receivers and displays. This, combined with electronic interswitching for dual systems, the ability to mount transceivers "up" in antenna pedestals, or "down" in separate cabinets, and keyboard entry of all setup parameters, makes any installa- tion straightforward, simple, and economi- cal. In addition to having the optional IMO- required, antenna-mounted performance monitors, PATHFINDER/ST Radar software provides menus for extensive self-testing of virtually every function.

RAYTHEON MARINE COMPANY 46 River Road

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Tel: (603) 881-5200 Telex: 681-7529

Telefax: (603) 881-4756

RAYTHEON MARINE EUROPE

Anchorage Park, Portsmouth

Hampshire P03 5TD UK

Tel: (0705) 693611 Telex: 86217

Telefax: (0705) 694642

As we constantly strive to improve Raytheon products, all specifications are subject to change without notice.

Circle 306 on Reader Service Card Raytheon relating to the transfer are answered prior to commencement of transfer operations. The lightering master can also provide communications equipment to ensure adequate back- up communications.

Prior to transfer operations, the lightering master will monitor the transfer hose connection and visu- ally inspect the vessel to be lightered to assure compliance with all USCG and state regulations. Once cargo transfer has commenced and all req- uisite notifications have been ac- complished, the lightering master will inspect all deck and transfer fittings to confirm the integrity of the system. During the bulk of cargo transfer operations, the lightering master continually moni- tors vessel-to-vessel rates, discharge pressures and quantities transferred to ensure that all objectives are be- ing met. At the termination of trans- fer operations, the concerned par- ties are notified, and draining and disconnecting of the transfer hose is then monitored by the lightering master to facilitate the results. Upon return of the transfer hose to the receiving vessel, the oil spill response vessels are released while the re- ceiving vessel prepares to get un- derway. In the unlikely event that an oil spill does occur, the lightering master will ensure that the vessels' response plans are immediately implemented.

Cargomasters

Where cargo transfers are con- ducted alongside a wharf, cargomasters, who function simi- larly to lightering masters, are em- ployed. The cargomaster is pro- vided by the terminal to supervise operations and coordinate the cargo transfer. The cargomaster conducts a pre-transfer inspection to the ves- sel, and then coordinates the USCG required Pre-Transfer Conference to assure that all information is passed between the persons in charge of the vessel and at the ter- minal. During the entire cargo transfer operation, the cargomaster monitors ongoing vessel-to-termi- nal communications. Should diffi- culties arise with communications, the cargomaster also plays a critical role in linking communications be- tween two dissimilar vocabularies, that is, the "refinery or terminal" language of the dock person/termi- nal person in charge and the "nau- tical or tanker" terminology (most likely as a second language) of the vessel person in charge.

Capt. James L. Stilwell is a manager at International Marine

Consultants, Inc.'s West Coast Re- gional Office. IMC is a full-service marine consulting, engineering and technical service organization head- quartered in Mineola, N.Y., with regional offices in San Francisco and in Houston. Capt. Stilwell has more than 20 years of maritime- related experience which includes over 12years as Master aboard vari- ous vessels. He holds a U.S. Coast

Guard Master of Steam and Motor

Vessels of any gross tons upon oceans. 40 Maritime Reporter/Engineering News