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trainee is forced to study all the material ment con? guration that motivates learn- tempts into a scarce resource that must spent doing further studying so as not to equally thoroughly in order to be able to ing. There are many ways to do this but be used wisely by the trainee. It incen- squander another scarce exam-writing pass the exam, regardless of which mate- one of the simplest is to enforce a wait- tivizes studying and greatly reduces opportunity. rial it covers. Assessments exist not only ing period between exam retakes. That the opportunity to “learn to the exam”. Simply said, it will make comprehen- to assess knowledge, but also, perhaps is, con? gure your LMS such that when Knowing there is a waiting period en- sive studying their preferable option even more importantly, to motivate com- someone fails an exam, they cannot take courages them to study the material to and the path of least resistance, which is prehensive learning. that exam again for a day or two. This some degree before their ? rst attempt. exactly the goal of a sound assessment

So, why must we never allow imme- solves the problem by turning exam at- Then, if they do fail, the wait will be best methodology.

diate exam retakes? If an assessment is con? gured to allow learners to take an exam over and over until they pass, we have allowed them to gain knowledge of what is on the exam through repeated retakes. After four or ? ve failed exam attempts the trainee will have learned enough about the exam to pass it with- out having to comprehensively study the material, even if the questions are ran-

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Ultra 25 Ultra 40 Ultra 70 Ultra 100 Ultra 140 to be controlled from the chair. Accord- ing to Kinkela, the stress of standing and bracing oneself for even a brief period of time during a high speed transit is enough to exhaust someone in great physical shape. Sitting allows great control over the computer and reduces the level of dis- traction since the navigator is not concen- trating on remaining on their feet.

Just like with the airline industry the pilot and the co-pilot will alert the other when their eyes must look at an instru- ment. This level of communication and situational awareness is not practiced normally on board the average vessel.

This level of bridge communications ap- plies to even larger, slower ships, which still generate signi? cant momentum.

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training. This may be when we begin to ask the Navy for expertise.

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First published in 1881 Maritime Reporter is the world's largest audited circulation publication serving the global maritime industry.