Page 53: of Offshore Engineer Magazine (Mar/Apr 2015)

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Pipelines how hydrocarbons are behaving in a prototype system, which circu-

Monte Carlo uncertainties. process plant,” he says. lates up to 10,000cu m/hr natural

Image from Accord.

“Allocation algorithms often gas at a pressure of up to 50 bar.

include factors generated by these

Market demand led the com- models. In calculating the uncer- pany to design larger facilities. tainty in the quantities allocated to

The new system comprises a each party in an allocation system, closed loop, able to work up to the uncertainty in the factors sup- 65 bar and a fow of no less than plied from a simulation has to be 32,000cu m/hr - and of 41,000cu accounted for. The uncertainty in the m/hr at lower pressures.

measured quantities is often known

At the heart of the system is with a good degree of confdence but two parallel connected high- the available data on what the uncer- pressure blowers, each produc- tainty of, for example, a shrinkage ing 22,000- 41,000cu m/hr and factor is, is not known and usually arbi- simulation factor uncertainties, ranging circulating the gas in the loop at a vari- trarily assumed to be a value of say ±5%.

from Monte Carlo methods to more sim- able pressure from 3-65 bar. The high- “Simulation factor uncertainties can plistic short-cut methods. pressure blowers are driven by two 900 be calculated more rigorously. The kW engines, which makes it possible to

FORCE uncertainty of a factor generated by a calibrate metres with diameters of up to simulation model very much depends on Denmark’s FORCE Technology has been 750mm.

the parameter in question. For example building what it says will be the world’s The system provides traceability to the uncertainty in a shrinkage factor for largest calibration loop for calibration of the new high pressure calibration system a dead oil will be lower than that for a natural gas meters. minimizing the calibration inaccuracy to

The new system has been designed using lively condensate.” the absolute minimum. It was internation- the company’s in-house technology, which

Stockton has been considering the ally approved in 2013, and saw FORCE sees natural gas circulated in a closed sources of uncertainty within the models Technology join the European coopera- loop, Jesper Busk, department manager at and attempts to demystify the black box tion on Harmonization of The European

FORCE Technology told the NEL event. reputation of these models. Natural Gas Cubic Metre (EUREGA). The

He suggests there are a number of FORCE Technology had been using the system was due to be ready for operation methods that can be used to calculate technology since 2004, and established a by the middle of 2014.

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