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mineral discoveries have enacted their tecting the ocean environment from own legislation to govern mining. For any harmful effects of mining opera- the many areas of commercial interest tions. In the ensuing years, the ISA has which fall outside these coastal state promulgated prospecting and explora- boundaries; the United Nations Con- tion regulations for all types of seabed vention on the Law of the Sea, which minerals. Starting in 2016, the ISA established the International Seabed began drafting Regulations on the Ex-

Authority (ISA) came into force in ploitation of Mineral Resources, which 1994. The ISA has since then met with must be in place before any commer- stakeholders to further its main goals cial mining operations can commence. of regulating deep-sea mining and pro- There is a good chance now that the

CHANGING

THE WAY

THE WORLD

WORKS

AT SEA

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MTR #9 (18-33).indd 23 12/2/2019 11:54:34 AM