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structural obstacles inside of cargo tanks. Deck beams are arranged externally on top of the cambered deck, the tanks present a flush internal surface. The side and bottom in the double hull are given water ballast and all heavy fuel bunkers are surrounded by cofferdam.

North Point is designed primarily to carry oil prod- ucts, crude oil and IMO Type III chemicals. More than 200 commodities, including Sodium hydroxide solu- tion, can be loaded in cargo tanks which are coated with 300 microns of phenolic epoxy. The piping sys- tem have six cargo segregations, with 12 cargo tanks connected with a hydraulic motor driven, submerged pump rated at 600 cu. m./hr. Two slop tanks are served by two 300 cu. m./hr. pumps. Water ballast capacity is 23,461 cu. m., carried in tanks coated with a light col- ored tar free epoxy, and handled by two 750 cu. m./hr. hydraulic submerged pumps. The ship is fitted with a

STX-MAN B&W, type 6S60MC-C direct reversible, single acting two stroke exhaust gas turbocharged and air cooled cross head diesel engine, with an output of

MCR 13,560 kW at 105 rpm, driving a fixed pitch propeller for a fully loaded service speed of 16.62 knots at 75% MCR with 15% sea margin. Three sets of diesel-driven alternators powered by STX built diesel engines supply the electrical power. The steam is generated by a 18,000 kg/h Aalborg oil-fired boiler, and a 1,200 kg/h composite boiler. Control of the ves- sel is from either engine control room or wheelhouse, using a STX/Lyngso Marine bridge system.

STX strengthened to achieved the first DNV Ice

Class 1A notation of panamax product oil tanker.

Perseverance is noteworthy for the inclusion in the specification of the requirements of DNV Ice Class 1A notation for navigation in ice, necessitating spe- cific consideration of hull form, structure and the propulsion system, and of the adoption of a -20 degree ambient temperature basis. For hull construction, higher tensile steel having 32 kg/?, 36 kg/? minimum yield stress is used for the hull structural members including the Ice Class region.

This Vessel applied the completely enclosed naviga- tion deck to voyage on iced sea.

Perseverance has been constructed to endure 25 years fatigue life time with a double hull forming common side and center double bottom water ballast tanks, and she has a cargo space divided into 15 tanks (six port + six starboard, two slop tanks and one residue tank) by a centerline and eight transverse bulkheads. This vessel can carry four different (16.5%, 16.5%, 33%, 33%) cargoes with double seg- regation without any restriction for loading condition in regard to shear forces and bending moments.

In addition, pure Epoxy paint is coated for all the cargo tanks including slop and residue tanks. The cargo handling system is designed based on the indi- vidual cargo oil pumping system. The cargo oil pump- ing system is of submerged high pressure hydraulical- ly driven pump in each cargo tank, slop tank and residue tank, with each of a capacity 900 cu. m./hr., 300 cu. m./hr., 100 cu. m./hr.

Loading and discharging is accomplished through a deck manifold at midships P&S. All cargo tanks are heated by heat exchanger on deck which are branched from the one steam supply main line and one drain main line on the upper deck. Those heating systems are capable to heat main cargo tank from 44°C to 66°C in 96 hours, slop and residue tank from 33°C to 66°C in 24 hours. For cleaning purposes, each a tank cleaning machine in cargo tanks which are connected by tank cleaning main line on upper deck is fitted with butterfly valve, capable of using either sea/fresh water.

Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. (MES) delivered the 299,985 VLCC Altair Trader for Fortitude Shipping Navigation SA of Panama at the Chiba Works. Although MES delivered two

Malaccamax VLCCs two years ago, the Altair Trader is designed with the new hull form called the Mitsui

Malacca Doublemax. Both the deadweight and the cargo tank capacity are maximized for efficient trans- port of crude oil of typical specific gravity.

The owner and MES have anticipated that the dou- ble hull construction will become mandatory for bunker tanks in the future IMO rules, so that the dou- ble hull of the bunker has been implemented for the vessel. Thus marine pollution prevention is fully con- sidered in the hull construction together with double hulls for the cargo tanks. Moreover, the vessel equips the MIPD-Wing (Mitsui Integrated Propeller Boss with Wing), which is a newly developed device to improve propeller propulsion efficiency. The service speed and fuel oil consumption efficiency have been improved together with both advanced bow and stern forms. The main engine adopts the electronic-control lubrication system for engine cylinders to decrease ship operation costs, and the steam turbo generating system is also employed, which recovers thermal energy from the exhaust gas of the main engine.

Andromeda Voyager. What is unusual and innova- tive about this VLCC? The vessel has a fully welded upper deck with aft sunken deck, a raked stem with bulbous bow, a transom stern with open water type stern frame, a semi-balanced rudder and a fixed pitch propeller directly driven by a B&W 6S90MC-C engine with MCR output of 40,000 PS at 76 rpm.

It is built with four longitudinal bulkheads and transverse bulkheads to have five pairs of side cargo tanks, five center cargo tanks, two slop tanks and wing and double bottom tanks for water ballast.

Design fatigue life at critical connections of hull structure shall generally be 30 years in accordance with the requirement of ABS. In addition, the design fatigue life for only longitudinal stiffener's end con- nections in cargo area shall be 40 years in compliance with ABS Safehull Phase A requirement. The Vessel is capable of carrying and handling three grade of crude oil simultaneously with double valve segregation.

The 309,000 dwt VLCC Universal Queen built at

Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (HHI) was delivered to Hyundai Merchant Marine Co., Ltd (HMM), South Korea on November 11, 2005.

The ship has one continuous freeboard deck from stem to stern with sunken deck-type stern deck, trans- verse bulkheads and four (4) longitudinal bulkheads in way of the cargo space. Special attention has been paid to the ship's maneuverability resulting in a large rudder being fitted. Universal Queen is designed to carry three grades of cargo simultaneously, handled by three steam turbine cargo pumps, each delivering 5,000 cu. m./hr. and housed in a pump room at the for- ward of engine room. The cargo and ballast valve's control systems are hydraulic medium pressure.

The cargo and ballast control systems of the ship are electro-hydraulically operated. Cargo control and 30 Maritime Reporter & Engineering News

Great Ships of 2005

North Point • Product Tanker STX Shipbuilding

Perseverance Product Tanker STX Shipbuilding

Universal Queen VLCC Hyundai

Andromeda Voyager VLCC Daewoo

Viktor Titov Ice Class Tanker Hyundai

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