Page 24: of Maritime Reporter Magazine (June 2006)

This Day in Navy History

June 1, 1813 - HMS Shannon captures USS Chesapeake, Capt.

James Lawrence. As the mortally wounded Captain Lawrence was carried below, he ordered "Tell the men to fire faster! Don't give up the ship!" These words would live on in naval history. Oliver

Hazard Perry honored his dead friend Lawrence when he had the motto sewn onto the private battle flag flown during the Battle of

Lake Erie, 10 September 1813. 1871 - RADM Rodgers lands in Korea with a party of Sailors and

Marines and captures 5 forts to secure protection for U.S. citizens after Americans were fired upon and murdered. 1939 - Director of the Naval Research Laboratory, Captain Hollis

M. Cooley, proposes research in atomic energy for future use in nuclear powered submarine 1954 - First test of steam catapult from USS Hancock

June 2, 1941 - First aircraft escort vessel, USS Long Island (ACG-1), commissioned, then reclassified as an auxiliary aircraft carrier (AVC-1) on 20 August and finally reclassified as an escort carrier (CVE-1) in July 1943.

June 3, 1785 - Order to sell last ship remaining in Continental

Navy, frigate Alliance. No other Navy were ships authorized until 1794. 1898 - Collier Merrimac sunk in channel leading to Santiago,

Cuba in unsuccessful attempt to trap Spanish fleet. The crew was captured and later received the Medal of Honor. 1949 - Wesley A. Brown becomes the first African-American to graduate from the U.S. Naval Academy.

June 4, 1934 - USS Ranger, first ship designed from the keel up as a carrier, is commissioned at Norfolk, VA 1942 - Battle of Midway (4-6 June) begins; during battle, the 4

Japanese carriers which attacked Pearl Harbor are sunk; this deci- sive U.S. victory is a turning point in the Pacific war 1944 - Hunter-killer group USS Guadalcanal captures German submarine, U-505

June 5, 1794 - First officers of the U.S. Navy under the

Constitution are appointed. The first 6 captains appointed to superintend the construction of new ships were John Barry,

Samuel Nicholson, Silas Talbot, Joshua Barney, Richard Dale, and

Thomas Truxtun 1917 - First military unit sent to France, First Naval Aeronautical

Detachment, reaches France on board USS Jupiter 1945 - Typhoon off Okinawa damages many U.S. Navy ships

June 6, 1944 - In Operation Overlord, Allied invasion fleet (over 2700 ships and craft) land troops on Normandy beaches, the largest amphibious landing in history

June 7, 1819 - LT John White on merchant ship Franklin, anchored off Vung Tau is first U.S. naval officer to visit Vietnam 1917 - U.S. subchasers arrive at Corfu for anti-submarine patrols 1942 - Battle of Midway ends with loss of USS Yorktown 1991 - Joint Task Force Sea Angel ends relief operations in

Bangladesh after Cyclone Marian

June 8, 1830 - Sloop-of-war Vincennes becomes first U.S. war- ship to circle the globe 1880 - Congress authorizes the Office of Judge Advocate General 1958 - Navy and Post Office deliver first official missile mail when USS Barbero (SS-317) fired Regulus II missile with 3000 letters 100 miles east of Jacksonville, FL to Mayport, FL. 1960 - Helicopters from USS Yorktown (CVS-10) rescue 54 crew- men of British SS Shunlee, grounded on Pratus Reef in South

China Sea. 1990 - CDR Rosemary Mariner becomes first Navy women to command fleet jet aircraft squadron.

June 9, 1882 - Establishment of Office of Naval Records of the

War of the Rebellion (became part of Naval Historical Center) 1942 - First Navy photograhic interpretation unit set up in the

Atlanic. 1959 - Launching of USS George Washington (SSBN-598), first nuclear powered fleet ballistic missile submarine, at Groton, CT

June 10, 1854 - U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, MD, holds first formal graduation exercises. Previous classes graduated with- out ceremony. 1896 - Authorization of first experimental ship model tank

June 11, 1853 - Five Navy ships leave Norfolk, VA on 3 year exploring expedition to survey the far Pacific 1927 - USS Memphis arrives at Washington, DC, with Charles

Lindbergh and his plane, Spirit of St. Louis, after his non-stop flight across the Atlantic

June 12, 1944 - Four U.S. Carrier Groups (15 carriers) begin attack on Japanese positions in the Marianas. 1948 - The Women's Armed Forces Integration Act provides for enlistment and appointment of women in the Naval Reserve. 1970 - After earthquake in Peru, USS Guam begins 11 days of relief flights to transport medical teams and supplies, as well as rescue victims

June 13, 1881 - USS Jeannette crushed in Arctic ice pack

June 14, 1777 - John Paul Jones takes command of Ranger 1777 - Continental Congress adopts design of present U.S. Flag 1847 - Commodore Matthew Perry launches amphibious river operations by Sailors and Marines on Tabasco River, Mexico 1940 - Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Naval Expansion Act to con- struct ships to increase Navy's tonnage by 11 % 1985 - Steelworker Second Class Robert D. Stethem, USN of

Underwater Construction Team ONE was killed by terrorist hijackers of TWA Flight 847. He later received a Bronze Star for his heroism.

June 15, 1944 - Fifth Fleet lands Marines on Saipan, under the cover of naval gunfire, in conquest of Marianas 1963 - Launching of combat store ship, Mars (AFS-1), first of new class of underway replenishment ships 1991 - 2 battle groups and amphibious ships evacuate dependents and Air Force personnel from Clark Air Force Base after Mount

Pinatubo erupts in Philippines

June 16, 1898 - U.S. squadron bombards Santiago, Cuba 1965 - Navy Department schedules reactivation of hospital ship

Repose (AH-16), first hospital ship activated for Vietnam Conflict

June 17, 1833 - USS Delaware enters drydock at Gosport Navy

Yard in Norfolk, VA, the first warship to enter a public drydock in the United States 1870 - USS Mohican burns Mexican pirate ship Forward 1898 - Navy Hospital Corps established 1940 - Chief of Naval Operations asks Congress for money to build two-ocean Navy

June 18, 1812 - U.S. declares war on Great Britain for impress- ment of Sailors and interference with commerce 1942 - First African-American officer, Bernard W. Robinson, com- missioned in Naval Reserve 1957 - CNO approves ship characteristics of the Fleet Ballistic

Missile sumbarine

June 19, 1864 - USS Kearsarge sinks Confederate raider Alabama off France 1944 - Battle of the Philippine Sea begins ("The Marianas Turkey

Shoot")

June 20, 1813 - Fifteen U.S. gunboats engage 3 British ships in

Hampton Roads, VA 1815 - Trials of Fulton I, built by Robert Fulton, are completed in

New York. This ship would become the Navy's first steam-driven warship. 1898 - U.S. forces occupied Guam, which became first colony of

U.S. in the Pacific. 1913 - First fatal accident in Naval Aviation, ENS W. D.

Billingsley killed at Annapolis, MD 1934 - Commander in Chief, Asiatic Fleet Admiral Frank Upham reports to CNO that based on analyses of Japanese radio traffic, "any attack by (Japan) would be made without previous declara- tion of war or intentional warning." 1944 - Battle of Philippine Sea ends with Japanese losing 2 air- craft carriers and hundreds of aircraft.

June 21, 1898 - USS Charleston captures island of Guam from

Spain 1945 - Okinawa declared secure after most costly naval campaign in history. U.S. had 30 ships sunk and 223 damaged, mostly from kamikaze attacks, with 5000 dead and 5000 wounded, while the

Japanese lost 100,000 dead

June 22, 1807 - HMS Leopard attacks USS Chesapeake 1865 - Confederate raider Shenandoah fires last shot of Civil War in Bering Strait 1884 - Navy relief expedition under CDR Winfield S. Schley res- cues LT A.W. Greely, USA, and 6 others from Ellesmere Island, where they were marooned for 3 years on Arctic island. 1898 - ADM Sampson begins amphibious landing near Santiago,

Cuba

June 23, 1933 - Commissioning of USS Macon, Navy's last diri- gible 1961 - Navy's first major low frequency radio station commis- sioned at Cutler, ME 1972 - Navy helicopter squadron aids flood-stricken residents in

Wilkes-Barre, Scranton, and Pittstown area of PA

June 24, 1833 - USS Constitution enters drydock at Charlestown

Navy Yard, Boston, MA, for overhaul. The ship was saved from scrapping after public support rallied to save the ship following publication of Oliver Wendell Holmes' poem, "Old Ironsides." 1926 - Office of Assistant SecNav set up to foster naval aeronau- tics; aircraft building increased 1948 - Berlin airlift initiated to offset the Soviet Union's blockade access of U.S., France, and Great Britain to their sectors of Berlin.

June 25, 1917 - Navy convoy of troopships carrying American

Expeditionary Forces arrives in France 1950 - North Korea invades South Korea beginning Korean

Conflict

June 26, 1884 - Congress authorizes commissioning of Naval

Academy graduates as ensigns 1918 - Marine brigade captures Belleau Wood 1959 - Twenty-eight Naval vessels sail from Atlantic to Great

Lakes, marking the formal opening of Saint Lawrence Seaway to seagoing ships. 1962 - NAVFAC Cape Hatteras makes first Sound Surveillance

System (SOSUS) detection of a Soviet diesel submarine. 1973 - Navy Task Force 78 completes minesweeping of North

Vietnamese ports.

June 27, 1813 - USS President anchors in Bergen, Norway 1950 - To support U.N. call to assist South Korea, Truman author- izes U.S. naval and air operations south of 38th Parallel, Korea

June 28, 1794 - Joshua Humphreys appointed master builder to build Navy ships at an annual salary of $2,000. 1814 - USS Wasp captures HMS Reindeer 1865 - CSS Shenandoah captures 11 American whalers in one day 1970 - USS James Madison (SSBN-627) completes conversion to

Poseidon missile capability

June 29, 1925 - Ships and men from 11th and 12th Naval

Districts assist in relief after earthquake at Santa Barbara , CA 1950 - Truman authorizes sea blockade of the Korean coast 1950 - USS Juneau fires first naval shore bombardment of Korean

Conflict

June 30, 1815 - USS Peacock takes HMS Nautilus, last action of the War of 1812 1943 - Third Fleet Amphibious Force lands troops on Rendova

Island while naval gunfire silences Japanese artillery 1951 - Naval Administration of Marianas ends (Source: www.history.navy.mil) intelligence gathering at Camp Delta there.

Rear Adm. Harry B. Harris assumed command from Army Maj. Gen. Jay

Hood last month in April.

Combined Task Force (CTF 150) is now commanded by Pakistan navy Rear

Adm. Shahid Iqbal. The multi-national task force is responsible for conducting maritime security operations in the Gulf of Oman, Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea and the North Arabian Sea. The U.S. Navy is a part of this task force.

Navy Rear Adm. Richard Hunt com- mands of Combined Joint Task Force

Horn of Africa.

This task force is providing "theater security cooperation" in this the trou- bled region, which includes Ethiopia,

Eritrea, Sudan, Somalia, Kenya and

Yemen. It is an area two-thirds the size of the continental United States with 181 million people. This term "theater security cooperation" includes civil mil- itary cooperation, humanitarian assis- tance, military-to-military training, and capacity building to improve regional security. 24 Maritime Reporter & Engineering News

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