Voices: Paulo Cesar P. Freitas, Norsul

By Claudio Paschoa
To better understand the challenges faced by ship operators in Brazil, Maritime Reporter’s correspondent in Brazil spoke to Paulo Cesar P. Freitas, Fleet Manager for Norsul Shipping company, one of the major shipping operators in Brazil. 
 
Norsul by the Numbers
Established in 1963 and operating continuously ever since, “Companhia de Navegação Norsul”, as it is called in Portuguese, is one of the leading private maritime commerce companies in Brazil. Norsul specializes in dry-bulk, neo-bulk cargoes, general cargo, project cargoes, along with chemicals and liquid cargoes, operating in the Brazilian Cabotage and international shipping markets. Freitas has worked for Norsul for 28 years, starting as Ship Superintendent and today operating as Fleet Manager. Widely known and respected in the Brazilian and foreign shipping markets, Freitas has extensive knowledge of the details of managing ships and cargo deliveries locally and globally. Freitas said that “currently, Norsul operates about 290,000 Brazilian gross tonnage (TPB), in 23 vessels, of types such as bulk carriers, liquid chemical cargo, multipurpose ships, general cargo, oceanic barges and ocean pushes. As for the renewal of the fleet, Norsul is always on the lookout for opportunities, and has as its principle to evaluate cost versus benefit of investments, that is, to keep for a few more years less modern ships, investing in their maintenance or replacing them?”
 
Determining the best way to invest in its fleet is not always so obvious due to the nature of doing business in Brazil, where taxes are notoriously high and sudden and severe economic downturns are not uncommon.
 
“Our biggest challenge is to face the ‘Brazil cost’ of port expenses (harbor pilots, tugboats and port taxes), the cost of payroll charges, and existing taxes. Norsul has always operated by complying with, and adapting the regulatory changes by ANTAQ (Brazilian Maritime Regulatory Agency),” said Freitas. Norsul’s workforce consists in 630 employees where 470 are seamen and officers, and 160 are administrative.
 
Regulations
In regards to ‘the never ending story’ of emerging ballast water technology and regulations, Freitas said that “They do not affect us yet, due to the deadlines reviewed in the last MEPC (The IMO Marine Environment Protection Committee) for the installation of the equipment. But they will definitely affect us, in the near future, mainly because of the investment needed to equip ships with such a system.” 
 
In step with new BWT rules Norsul is also dealing with preparing its fleet logistics to comply with international pollutant emission rules. “Our biggest concern is the availability of low sulfur fuels from 2020, as our fleet does not include the investment for the installation of diesel exhaust gas filtration systems,” said Freitas.
 
Cabotage Ops in Brazil
Brazil’s nearly 5,000 mile long coast line, and the fact that 80 percent of its population lives within 200 km of the coast, would stand to reason that the domestic shipping market is vibrant. But a true look at cabotage transport in and around the country shows that while it has doubled in size of transported volume, it still represents less than 10 percent of the Brazilian matrix of cargo transportation, with ample room to grow. (In the European Union it reaches 37 percent and in China 48 percent, in comparison). 
 
The Cabotage market has seen many ups and down in Brazil, and some maritime insiders are seeing an upward trend. However as one of the main cabotage operators in Brazil, Norsul’s view is more clinical. “We ba sically operate in Cabotage, in Brazilian ports. We do about 500 stopovers in national ports per year, operating in almost all ports in the country. Cabotage is closely linked to the national economy. The future of the Cabotage market will depend on the recovery of the domestic economy,” says Freitas.
 
Taxation Burdens
Analyzing the main differences regarding the Brazilian maritime regulations in relation to the main countries that its ships visit, Paulo said that Brazil does have more onerous regulations than most maritime countries. “We basically operate in Cabotage and overseas carries. In Brazil, in addition to complying with the international regulations applied to any ship, we have regulations specific to various authorities, such as sanitary, environmental and labor, for example, burdening the cost of operating the Brazilian flag,” said Freitas. The cost to fly the Brazil’s flag makes it particularly unattractive to foreign operators, as situation that is unlikely to change anytime soon.
 
Shipbuilding and Ship Repair
The Brazilian shipbuilding market – like much of the world – is going through tough times. In Brazil the problem is perhaps more acute due to its reliance on oil major Petrobras for business, unfortunate at the moment because of the prolonged depressed pricing for oil that has seen the company pull-back on capital expenditures. The super-major’s restructuring is a result of prolonged low oil prices, massive debt and a well-recorded series of corruption scandals.
 
As shipbuilding in Brazil settles into the ‘new norm,’ and as Petrobras orders continue to be minimal, many shipyards are looking at ship repair to cover costs. In some cases, the yards are even renting their berths to OSVs, for repair, loading and fitting out operations.
 
Many shipyards in Rio de Janeiro and elsewhere along the coast have a number of OSV alongside. Many new shipyards, along with older, established yards, such as the Jurong shipyard, have turned to ship repair in order to stay in business. 
 
“For national shipbuilding to be resumed and to have sustainable growth (beyond orders from Petrobras), they should, among other points, seek to evolve in prices and construction deadlines that are closer to the world market,” advised Freitas. “Guarantee of prices and deadlines; guarantee of delivery of the ship by the shipyards; The return of the AFRMM (Additional Freight for the Renovation of the Merchant Marine) by the RFB (Brazil’s Federal Revenue Service) becoming regular and monthly, and thereby regain the security that the long-term investments (20-25 years) demand.” 
 
The Brazilian maritime industry had grown from 2,000 jobs to more than 82,000 between 2003 and 2014, according to Sinaval (National Shipbuilding Ship Repair Industry Union). Much of this increase in jobs happened in Pernambuco, which reached a high water mark of 17,000 workers in the sector, while today it has less than 5,000. The wave of unemployment intensified from 2014 onward, when the Petrobras crisis began to erode shipyard order books. Recent oil block tenders offer a glimmer of hope at the resurgence of local shipyards.
 
Pushers/Sea-barges
Norsul, has also been at the forefront of an efficient system of pushers/sea-barges. “It is a very interesting system, unprecedented in Brazil, at the time of the beginning of its operations in 2003. It is inserted in the supply chain of the customer’s supply, and demands dedicated cribs for shipments and discharges, and that the time of embarkation and discharge is equivalent to the time of navigation between the ports. For example, look at the traffic of logs between the South of Bahia and Espírito Santo. Every 12 hours we have a barge being loaded in Bahia, a barge with logs being pushed south, a barge being discharged in Espírito Santo and an empty barge being pushed north. When arriving in Bahia, the pusher changes barge and drives south to Espirito Santo. Upon arriving in Espirito Santo, the other pusher changes barges and drives to Bahia,” said Freitas.
 
It is interesting to note the main characteristics that make Norsul a successful navigation company in an unstable economy as sometimes is the case of Brazil. With over half a century of operations, Norsul has been through various stages of the fickle Brazilian economy and managed to survived survive and grow, which wasn’t the case with some defunct local ship operators. “Norsul, since its foundation in 1963, has been characterized by being a company that always seeks to be special to the market and to its employees. Norsul is recognized for delivering the transportation that is contracted, regardless of the variations of the navigation market, as well as to analyze each request and seek the best of logistics to serve the client,” said Freitas.
 
 
(As published in the November 2017 edition of Maritime Reporter & Engineering News)
Maritime Reporter Magazine, page 72, Nov 2017

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